Gottschalk (Gosche) von Ahlefeldt (c. 1475 – 25 January 1541 in Bollingstedt) was the last Catholic Bishop of Schleswig.

In 1498 Gottschalk enrolled at the University of Bologna and returned to Schleswig in 1501 as a doctor of canon law.

Due to his education in Bologna and his descent from the Ahlefeldt family, he was employed as chancellor at the court of Duke Frederick I.

In 1506, Gottschalk von Ahlefeldt took over the cathedral provostship at Schleswig Cathedral and became bishop on 21 May 1507, succeeding Detlev von Pogwisch elected in Schleswig.

Tilemann von Hussen was appointed the first evangelical bishop of Schleswig after Johannes Bugenhagen had rejected this office.