It consists of an executive, led by the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh, a judiciary and a legislative branch.

Like other states in India, the head of state of Arunachal Pradesh is the Governor, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the Central government.

The office of the governor post is largely ceremonial.

The Chief Minister is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers.

The Gauhati High Court, Itanagar Permanent bench at Naharlagun exercises the jurisdiction and powers in respect of cases arising in the State of Arunachal Pradesh.