However, these theories have not been successful producing quantitative agreement with the results of modern astrophysical observations.
Gravity had separated from the electronuclear force at the end of the Planck era.
The grand unification epoch ended at approximately 10−36 seconds after the Big Bang.
It is possible that some part of this decay process violated the conservation of baryon number and gave rise to a small excess of matter over antimatter (see baryogenesis).
This phase transition is also thought to have triggered the process of cosmic inflation that dominated the development of the universe during the following inflationary epoch.