The most famous peak in the Great Balsam range is Cold Mountain, which is the centerpiece of author Charles Frazier's bestselling novel Cold Mountain.

The far eastern part of the range forms the border between Buncombe and Henderson Counties.

Several towns are located in the valleys surrounding the range, including Brevard, Cullowhee, Waynesville, Canton, and the southwest suburbs of Asheville.

Large portions of the range are part of Pisgah or Nantahala National Forest, making the area popular for recreation.

The Middle Prong and Shining Rock Wildernesses are located in the center of the range and are both part of Pisgah National Forest.