Development started in 1945, due to difficult night operations at the Tri-Cities Airport in Endicott, New York during World War II.

In the 1980s a commuter airline, Brockway Air, flew Beechcraft 1900s and Fokker F-27s from Broome County airport to Syracuse, Boston, Albany, Keene, NH, Worcester, Burlington, and Rutland.

The airport began extending the north end of the main runway 16/34 in 1988; the extension from 6,298 to 7,500 feet was completed in October 1990.

BGM got a $12.3 million federal grant in September 2011 to replace the old EMAS system installed in 2002 and extend Runway 16/34 to 7,304 feet.

[5] In August 2022, low-cost carrier Avelo Airlines announced new service from Binghamton to Fort Myers and Orlando in Florida.

[6] The airline canceled the launch of its Fort Myers focus city on October 13, citing a lack of bookings due to Hurricane Ian.

US$32 million of state funds and $5M from other sources was earmarked for upgrades including integration of the general aviation and passenger terminals, replacement of the loading-zone canopy, and construction of new facilities for U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

[1] In the year ending January 31, 2021 the airport had 13,323 aircraft operations, average 36 per day: 84% general aviation, 13% air taxi, 3% military, and <1% airline.