Gregorio Chil y Naranjo (born 13 March 1831, Telde, Gran Canaria, died 4 July 1901 Las Palmas) was a Spanish doctor, historian and anthropologist.
More than fifteen years of research resulted in the publication of Estudios históricos, climatológicos y patológicos de las islas Canarias.
However, on 30 April 1876 the Bishop of the Diocese of the Canary Islands, José María Urquinaona y Bidot initiated proceedings for excommunication, due to his agreement with the Society of Anthropology of Paris that defended the theories of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Charles Darwin on human origins.
In 1879 a group of intellectuals led by Dr. Gregorio Chil y Naranjo founded the Museo Canario, which was initially based on the third floor of the Las Palmas City Hall.
In his will he declared that, upon the death of his wife, Rosenda Suárez Tascón, the house in which both had resided in the street of the Colegio de Las Palmas would become the headquarters of the Museo Canario.