Grete Mostny (17 September 1914 – 15 December 1991) was a Jewish Austrian who became a leading Chilean anthropologist.

At the end of the war she was invited back to Austria but she preferred to become a naturalised Chilean.

She led a number of archaeological investigations and the Chilean National Museum of Natural History.

[1] Mostny took over from Humberto Fuenzalida and led the Chilean National Museum of Natural History in Santiago from 1964 to 1982.

The University of Vienna records her biography as she was an expelled student and a victim of National Socialism.