The line descended from Prince Bakar of Georgia (1699/1700-1750), who had removed to Russia in 1724, and it became extinct with the death of Pyotr Gruzinsky (1837–1892).

The family had estates in the governorates of Moscow and Nizhegorod, and it was confirmed among the princely nobility of Russia in 1833.

The current head of this family, Nugzar Bagration-Gruzinsky (born 1950), claims the legitimate headship of the Royal House of Georgia (also claimed by the genealogically senior line of Bagrations of Mukhrani) based on male primogeniture descent from the last king of Kartli-Kakheti in eastern Georgia.

[citation needed] As Nugzar has no male issue, Yevgeny Petrovich Gruzinsky (born 1947-died 17 July 2018), the great-great grandson of Bagrat's younger brother Ilia (1791–1854), who lived in the Russian Federation, was considered to be Nugzar's heir presumptive within the primogeniture principle.

Nugzar himself argues in favor of having his eldest daughter, Ana, designated as his heir in accordance with the Georgian dynastic law of "Zedsidzeoba" according to which every child of Princess Ana would inherit eligibility for dynastic succession through their mother, thus continuing the elder line of George XII.