The climate is tropical, although it varies according to the zones; thus, the low areas present high temperatures, which reach 27 °C (81 °F) on average, and abundant rainfall.

There are extensions of massifs and tepuis (unique rock formations in the world) that have continuity with the orography of the Venezuelan Guiana.

In the north, along the entire strip of the southern basin of the Orinoco River, the soils are poor in nutrients and have been developed basically for industrial use, raising cattle for fattening and as urban settlements.

Because of its tremendous hydroelectric potential, mineral wealth, abundance of iron ore and bauxite, one of the main heavy industries in Latin America has been installed.

There are also significant amounts of precious metals, (gold and platinum) and diamonds that have brought many adventurers who use unorthodox methods for their extraction, without caring about the ecological damage they cause to rivers and the environment.