[3] The town's municipal area borders to the north and northeast on Edermünde, to the east on constituent communities of Felsberg which lie along the lower reaches of the river Eder.

To the northwest, Gudensberg's community of Gleichen abuts Niedenstein; in this direction, behind the Odenberg (elevation = 381 m (1,250 ft)), rise the Langenberge, (a low mountain range), that belong to the Habichtswald Nature Park.

In 1640, during the Thirty Years' War, the town was sacked by Imperial troops; in this plundering, the philosopher and theologian Daniel Angelocrater lost all his belongings.

In 1709, Landgrave Karl of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) organized excavations in the Mader Heide which brought to light remnants of Iron Age settlements.

In the Seven Years' War, the still partly preserved Obernburg was heavily damaged by bombardment in 1761 by British troops under John Manners's leadership.

At the time when the Chatti lived in the area, Maden was a main town, and at the Mader Stein they held their things.

After Werner's death in 1121, rule and ownership rights passed to Count Giso IV from the Burg Hollende.

A late-Roman era metalwork find was a Roman belt mount bearing Germanic imagery indicating a skilled artisan in the area.

From the 306 m (1,004 ft) high hill there is an outstanding view across the heath, to the Mader Stein, to the Nenkel and to the Odenberg (and other mountains).

The handsome synagogue built between 1840 and 1843 was closed in 1937 and gradually fell into disrepair until it was bought by the city in 1991, thoroughly renovated, and inaugurated as a cultural center in 1995.

It is said that Charlemagne's horse made this mark when it stamped on this stone in the now-abandoned village of Karlskirchen, after his rider had just fought a battle there.

Dissen's most notable landmark is a basalt knoll, the Scharfenstein, which attracts a lot of climbers because of the difficult and varied climbs available.

Less notable, but legendary, is the Glisborn (or sometimes called Glißborn), a spring north of the Scharfenstein that was a holy place to the Chatti, who believed it had healing powers, and that it was of godly origins.

In the Gudensberg Town Forest lies the Lautarius Grave, an archaeological site from the New Stone Age, built by the Wartberg culture.

An express busline joins Gudensberg with Kassel and Fritzlar, and at times with Bad Wildungen and Frankenberg.