[1] After a failed uprising against President José Bustamante y Rivero during October 1948, Carnero Hoke was disciplined and then removed from APRA for criticizing the party.
[1][4][6][7] Upon his release from prison in 1957, Carnero Hoke founded the Peruvian Revolutionary Nationalist Party (Spanish: Partido Nacionalista Revolucionario Peruano) with several other ex-APRA members.
In 1967 he published El método revolucionario y la conciencia histórica ("The Revolutionary Method and Historical Consciousness"), a compilation of articles supporting the previous work.
[1] In 1968, Carnero Hoke returned to Peru from exile in Mexico and published Nueva teoría para la insurgencia ("New Theory for the Insurgency").
[11] In 1974 Carnero Hoke founded the Peruvian Indian Movement (MIP) with another indigenous activist, Virgilio Roel Pineda, but the organization never reached a broad audience.