[1] She was the third daughter of Seitzhafar Asfendiyarov, a descendant of Abu'l Khair Khan of the Junior Jüz, and Gulyandam Asfendiyarova (née Kasymova).

That same year, two Turkestani girls, Gulsum Asfendiyarova and Zeyneb Abdurakhmanova, received scholarship along with eight daughters of Russian officials.

[1][3] Despite minimal funding, she remained resilient, writing to her father: "I was deeply honored to hold a high position at the hospital, where female doctors had rarely been seen before.

In late 1911, Asfendiyarova's father conveyed a proposal from the Khiva Khan for her to work at a city hospital, then still under construction.

[1] Returning to Tashkent, Asfendiarova continued leading the city maternity hospital and actively participated in the political life of the Turkestan ASSR.

She also assisted her brother, Sanjar Asfendiarov, a fellow physician and future Minister of Health of the Kazakh ASSR, in his efforts to organize aid for the hungry and homeless.

[1][3] In 1918, with the support of the Muslim Bureau of the Turkestan Communist Party [kk] and its head, Turar Ryskulov, Asfandiarova organized obstetric courses for women.

[1] Asfendiyarova was also repeatedly elected a member of the Tashkent City Council, publicly advocating for improvements in the social sphere and the protection of motherhood and childhood.

[1][4] Since 1922, Asfendiyarova combined teaching with work in the Tashkent City Children's Hospital, where her assistant was Akkagaz Dosjanova [kk], the first graduate of the National University of Uzbekistan.