Other theories are the complex was built by outlaws on the run or served as a military garrison during the Tang dynasty.
[6] However, there are no clear answers as to the history of the caves with the historical literature stressing "its origins are a continuing archeological cipher.
The cave rooms are packed close to each other and in some places are cut at different levels of the same cliff face, giving the appearance of a multistory building.
[5] The ancient cliff dwellings of Yanqing were first discovered in 1984 during a cultural relics survey conducted by the Yanqing County Cultural Relics Administration,[7] and the date of their excavation was inferred to be between 1000 and 2000 years ago, but the exact date has not been determined.
[11]: 675 In May 2013, the Guyaju Caves were listed as a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level.