Gyula II

[1] The Romanian-born American historian, Florin Curta suggests that it is possible that the gyula and the harka (title of the leader of the Hungarian tribal federation) ruled over the southern region of the Carpathian Basin, because most finds of 10th-century artifacts of Byzantine origin found in Hungary cluster at the confluence of the rivers Tisza and Maros[clarification needed].

Under his leadership, his clan formed a "tribal state" within the Principality of Hungary, which ruled over the tribes across northern and southern Transylvania, according to historian Gyula Kristó.

Archaeological, historical and linguistic research proves that Gyula extended his influence to South Transylvania, where formerly several historians erroneously have placed the Bulgarian principality of local lord Kean.

And Gylas remained in his faith, he himself never made an incursion into the territory of the Romans [Byzantine Empire], and he did not forget about the captured Christians, but rather he redeemed them, he was concerned about them and set them free.Ioannes Skylitzes narrates that around 952[3] Gyula visited Constantinople, where he was baptized, and Emperor Constantine VII lifted him from the baptismal font.

[7] Instead of 952, Romanian historian Alexandru Madgearu put the date of Gyula's visit to Constantinople to the year 948, when chieftains Bulcsú and Termacsu were also sent to the city as envoys of Grand Prince Fajsz.

[5] The cooperative relationship between the Byzantine Empire and Gyula lasted plausibly until 958, when Constantine VII ceased the payment of tribute to the Hungarians following the latter's defeat at the Battle of Lechfeld.