Canteros started his professional career for Vélez Sársfield on 8 February 2009, coming on as a substitute in his team's 0–0 draw with Independiente for the first fixture of the 2009 Clausura.
[4] In the beginning of 2014 Canteros' name was linked with Flamengo as a possible substitute for Elias, who was returning to Sporting CP as his loan finished.
However, Canteros continued to play for Vélez Sarsfield, as Flamengo wanted a loan and the Argentine club was only willing to a permanent move.
[8] Few days later, on 3 August, Héctor played his first match as a starter against Chapecoense at Arena Condá, which Flamengo lost 0–1.
[9] On 10 August 2017 Chapecoense sign Canteros on loan from Flamengo until May 31, 2018, to replace Andrei Girotto recently transferred to Nantes.