HMS Aigle (1801)

Initially providing support to the fireships' crews, Aigle went on to help force the surrender of the stranded French vessels Ville de Varsovie and Aquilon.

In July 1809, Aigle took part in the Walcheren Campaign, an amphibious operation against the Kingdom of Holland, carrying out a two-day long bombardment of Flushing that led to its capitulation on 15 August.

In October 1811, Aigle was sent to the Mediterranean, where she and her crew raided the island of Elba before being asked to provide naval support during the invasion and occupation of the city of Genoa.

[4][5] Built under contract by Balthazar and Edward Adams, Aigle was ordered on 15 September 1798 and her keel was laid down in November at Bucklers Hard shipyard in Hampshire.

[1] Although classed as a 36-gun fifth rate, Aigle was armed with a main battery of twenty-six 18 pounders (8.2 kilograms) on her gun deck, four 9 pdr (4.1 kg) on the quarterdeck and four on the forecastle.

[1] A large press gang from Aigle, of more than 50 marines and sailors, led by Wolfe, put ashore at Portland on 2 April to capture men to supplement the crew.

[13] Continuing to patrol in home waters with the Channel Fleet, Aigle shared in the prize money for a 40-gun French frigate, Franchise, taken on 28 May[14] and six merchant vessels during the first week of June.

The resulting small-arms fire was heard by Captain Thomas Dundas in the nearby 36-gun HMS Naiad, who set off in the direction of the noise and discovered Aigle's boats battling a flotilla of Spanish gunboats.

[27] Two chasse-marées were taken by the crew of Aigle, in a cutting-out expedition when they boarded the vessels from boats on 15 October 1807[28] and while cruising with the 32-gun HMS Pallas and 74-gun Gibraltar in December, she assisted with the capture of Spanish schooner Bueno Vista.

[32] At 15:45, the two French frigates were simultaneously seen to the south-east from Aigle's masthead and by the 4-gun British schooner HMS Cuckoo, which was stationed midway between the squadron and the island of Groix.

Aigle immediately gave chase, and coming within hailing distance at 19:30, Wolfe directed Cuckoo to relay to Impétueux and Narcissus, now following two miles behind, his intention to cut off the French ships by sailing between Groix and the mainland.

[32] An hour later, having endured the fire of the guns on both shores, Aigle was in a position to attack the rear-most frigate of the pair as they emerged from the western side of the island.

To prevent a boarding, which Wolfe was determined upon, the frigate came about and, shortly after the British had broken off their attack for lack of sea room, ran aground on the Pointe de Chats on the eastern edge of Groix.

[33] Saturn, Narcissus and Cuckoo joined Aigle and Impétueux during the night and the following morning at dawn, the five British ships returned to the island but no further attempt was made on either of the French frigates.

[34][Note 3] In 1809, Aigle was part of the Channel Fleet under Admiral James Gambier and back chasing merchantmen; securing five in January and February.

[38] The French ships were anchored under the protection of the powerful batteries on the Isle d'Aix[39] when on 11 April Captain Thomas Cochrane led an attacking force of fireships and explosive vessels.

A fresh attack was ordered, utilising the bomb-ketch HMS Aetna and four gun-brigs partly armed with the 18-pounders from Aigle, there being insufficient depth of water for the British frigates.

Comprising more than 600 vessels and nearly 40,000 troops, the expedition left The Downs on 28 July, intent on destroying the dockyards and arsenals at Antwerp, Terneuse and Flushing, and capturing the French fleet stationed in the river Scheldt.

[53] The capitulation of Fort Rammekens [nl] allowed the British to besiege the town on 3 August[51] and to prevent further aid being sent, a flotilla of gunboats was dispatched to the western arm of the Scheldt, to cut it off on the seaward side.

[54] Poor weather delayed operations and it was not until 11 August that a large squadron under Captain Lord William Stuart, of ten frigates, including Aigle, was eventually able to make its way up the western passage.

The British ships endured fire from batteries on both sides of the river for more than two hours and Aigle, in the centre, had her stern frame shattered when a shell fell through the deck and exploded, killing a marine and wounding four other members of the crew.

[57] The deliberate destruction of dykes by the French had led to widespread flooding, and with disease spreading through the British army, it was decided to abandon the expedition in early September.

The vessel turned out to be Phoenix, a French brig armed with eighteen 18 pdr (8.2 kg) carronades, sailing under a letter of marque with an experienced crew of 129 and a decorated captain.

[1] Aigle and the 36-gun frigate, HMS Curacoa, used boats to land marines and seamen near the harbour of Campo del Porto, Elba, on 20 June 1813.

After driving the 20-strong convoy ashore, the British three-ship squadron, under the command of Captain Sir James Brisbane, was obliged to fire on Fort Maurizio until its guns were silenced before the prizes could be collected.

[66][67] When a joint British and Sicilian army under Lord William Bentinck occupied the city of Genoa eight days later, Aigle was sent to provide naval support as part of the Mediterranean fleet under Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Pellew.

[65] In accordance with Surveyor of the Navy Sir Robert Seppings' designs, in January 1820, Aigle had her square transom removed and a circular stern fitted.

Photograph of a memorial plaque in a church, topped with candles
A plaque in St George's Church, Portland , remembering two quarrymen, a blacksmith and a young lady who died during the Easton Massacre
Oil painting depicting two square-rigged sailing vessels on the open sea, exchanging fire
A painting by Thomas Whitcombe thought to be Aigle engaging with Le Sirene [ 31 ]
Map of the Basque Roads showing the position of the French and British ships at the start of the 1809 battle
Map illustrating the position of Aigle off the Boyart Shoal shortly before the British attack on the night of 11 April
An 1880 etching of a ship firing rockets at a distant city
The bombardment of Flushing
Etching of a dockside where sick troops are loaded onto boats which take them to awaiting ships
Sick troops being evacuated from Walcheren on 30 August 1809
Painting showing three ships in a line sailing past and firing on a fort and town
Pembroke , Alcmene and Aigle bombarding Fort Maurizio on 11 April 1814