HMS Aldborough was a 20-gun sixth-rate ship of the Royal Navy, launched in 1743 and in service in Atlantic and Caribbean waters until 1749.

Commissioned in February 1743 under Captain John Pitman, Aldborough was launched in March as part of the British home fleet during the War of Jenkins' Ear.

Former Harvard College professor Isaac Greenwood served as ship's chaplain during this coastal service, from 1743 until his discharge from the Navy on 22 May 1744.

[3] However Utting died in January 1746 and Aldborough's captaincy devolved to a more junior officer, Commander Thomas Innes.

Service in the tropics having reduced her seaworthiness, she was paid off in July 1749 and returned to Deptford Dockyard for repairs.