HMS Earl of Peterborough was a First World War Royal Navy Lord Clive-class monitor, named after Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough, a British general of the War of the Spanish Succession who fought in Spain.

The ship's original 12-inch main battery was stripped from an obsolete Majestic-class battleship, HMS Mars.

The Lord Clive-class monitors were originally built in 1915 to engage German shore artillery in occupied Belgium during the First World War.

Earl of Peterborough, however was differently employed, being dispatched to the Eastern Mediterranean upon completion for service with the fleet there.

Following the armistice in November 1918, Earl of Peterborough and her sisters were put into reserve pending scrapping, as the reason for their existence ended with the liberation of Central Power-led coastlines.