HMS Marlborough was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 26 August 1767 at Deptford and built by the master shipwright Adam Hayes, at a cost of £33,319.

She was first commissioned in 1771 under Captain Richard Bickerton as a guard ship for the Medway and saw active service in the American Revolutionary War and on the Glorious First of June (1794).

At the battle of the First of June Marlborough, under Captain George Cranfield Berkeley, suffered heavy damage after becoming entangled with Impétueux, and then with Mucius.

[1] On the evening of 3 November 1800 Marlborough was at sea in a storm off Brittany's Belle Île when strong winds drove her onto a partially submerged ledge of rocks.

Her commander, Captain Thomas Sotheby, ordered the ship's guns and stores to be thrown overboard to lighten her, but she remained stuck fast.