The Republic of China (Taiwan) ordered two submarines, each based on the Dutch Zwaardvis design, in September 1981.

[6] More boats in this class were planned, and in October 1983 the Dutch government held talks with Taiwan in which the ordering of two extra submarines was discussed.

The design was modified to include the placement of noise-producing machinery on a false deck with spring suspension for silent running.

[10] The Hai Lung-class submarines are aimed at providing Taiwan the capability to deter Chinese naval blockades and to ensure that its sea lanes remain open, thus protecting the trade on which the island depends.

[13] In 2005, it was reported that the Hai Lung class would be upgraded to be capable of launching the UGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missile.

[14] US DoD notified the United States Congress of the sale to Taiwan of 32 UGM-84 Harpoon Block II missiles, along with two weapon control systems, other associated equipment and services, in 2008.