Born into a Kohanim family of "priests" in Anteb, Turkey, on the border of Syria, he was the eldest child of Rabbi Moussa Haim Douek and Zarifa Harari.

He was one of the founders of the well-known Ahaba Ve Ahva Synagogue, located at 4 Midan El Daher in Cairo.

The Egyptian Ministry of Justice appointed Rabbi Douek as a Notary Delegate in charge of all matters affecting the personal relations of Jews.

Rabbi Douek continued to preside over a community that was gradually emptying out of Egypt as they made their way to Israel, the United States and other countries.

On June 5, 1967, during the Six-Day War with Israel, Rabbi Douek and his family were ordered to go to the offices of the Chief Rabbinate, where they were held under house arrest for two weeks without outside contact.

When the Egyptian government allowed Rabbi Douek to reopen the Chief Rabbinate, families of the detained men flooded his office.

Rabbi Douek made sure the synagogues remained open, that there was kosher food available and that the children received a Jewish education.

Rabbi Douek led Egypt's Jewish population during a period of political turmoil and instability.

He died in Brooklyn, New York, on August 21, 1974, and is buried on the Mount of Olives Har Hazeitim in Jerusalem, Israel.