Hamdan Khodja

Hamdan ben Othman Khodja (حمدان بن عثمان خوجة) (1773–1842) was an Algerian dignitary and scholar.

[1] He wrote the book "Le Miroir" in which he denounced the encroachments by French soldiers in Algiers, thus becoming the first essayist on this subject.

[2] Khodja was born in Algiers in 1773 to a family of Turkish origin active in the high administration of the regency.

After his father’s death, his uncle brought him into his business and sent him in his stead to cities such as Tunis, Livorno, Marseilles, London and Gibraltar, thereby giving him the opportunity to learn Turkish, French and English.

[5] Khodja became known as one of the most important merchants and richest men in Algiers, and was in very great demand from colleagues desiring to participate in his commercial operation,s which extended to both the Ottoman Empire and Europe.