Hamilton is a town in Madison County, New York, United States.

The Mystic Order of Veiled Prophets of the Enchanted Realm, an appendant body in Freemasonry, was founded in Hamilton in 1890.

New York State Route 12 crosses the southern and eastern parts of the town, leading northeast 25 miles (40 km) to Utica and south 22 miles (35 km) to Norwich.

State Route 12B runs along the western edge of the town, connecting Earlville in the south with Hamilton village in the north; it continues south from Earlville 4 miles (6 km) to State Route 12 in Sherburne and north from Hamilton village 6 miles (10 km) to Madison.

The Sangerfield River crosses the town from northeast to southwest and joins the Chenango south of Earlville.

Pleasant Brook, another tributary of the Chenango, crosses the southeast part of the town.