He was born in Hamburg, the son of Dr N. F. F. von Bartels, a Russian government official.
After travelling extensively, especially in Italy, he settled in Munich in 1885 and was appointed professor of painting in 1891.
From 1887 Von Bartels came every summer to the Dutch coast, especially to Katwijk aan Zee, to paint the fisherfolk and their labour.
He excels in storm scenes and in depicting the strong, healthy fishing-folk of the northern coasts.
He became an honorary member of leading English, German, Dutch, Belgian and Austrian art societies.