Harley Island (Russian: Остров Харли) is an island located in Franz Josef Land, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russian Federation.

This island was named after Scottish physician George Harley by English Arctic explorer Frederick Jackson.

It lies 15 km (9.3 mi) off Jackson Island's western shore.

The island is quite flat, its highest point being only 82 m (269 ft).

Umberto Cagni and Prince Luigi Amedeo of Savoy camped on the island on 13 June 1900.