at least 9, see text Polyplectinae Venturi, 1981 Harpoceratinae is an extinct subfamily of cephalopods belonging to the family Hildoceratidae.

Sometimes, shell can have only striate ribs or is smooth (Sphenarpites and older specimens of Eleganticeras and Ovaticeras).

[3][5] Neolioceratoides, which has been included within Protogrammoceratinae and was also considered to be a synonym of Lioceratoides is now member of Hildoceratinae, which is reason why it is not listed below.

[6] This would include genera: In 1981 a new subfamily has been erected and named Polyplectinae, which is sometimes considered to be a synonym of Harpoceratinae,[1] but sometimes it is still used as valid taxa.

First one started in upper Pliensbachian (Spinatum zone) when Tiltoniceras evolved from Lioceratoides, or Protogrammoceras.

In Toarcian, during lower part of Exaratum subzone of Falciferum zone it evolved into Eleganticeras, which soon gave rise to Cleviceras.

Last common ancestor of both these lineages might have been Protogrammoceras that lived in Spinatum zone of Pliensbachian or sooner.