In Changing Order: Replication and Induction in Scientific Practice,[3] Collins outlines a general theory of sociology of science.

Drawing from the concepts of "Language Game" and "Forms of Life", derived from the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein, he seeks an explanation for how scientists follow rules and patterns when performing experiments and scientific practice.

Collins has written for over 30 years on the sociology of gravitational wave physics.

At the beginning of the 2000s, Collins along with Dr Robert Evans, also of Cardiff University, has published works on what they term the "Third Wave of Science Studies" and, in particular, the idea of interactional expertise.

This aims to address questions of legitimacy and extension and public involvement in scientific decision-making.