[3] Since its creation as an antelope reserve, management of the refuge has broadened to include conservation of all wildlife species characteristic of this high desert habitat and restoration of native ecosystems for the public's enjoyment, education, and appreciation.

[3] The area's protected status has been remarked upon by former Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas: I always feel sad leaving Hart Mountain.

[7] Residents active year round include deer, bobcat, coyote, pronghorn, bighorn sheep, marmot, squirrel, and rabbit.

[7] The pronghorn are North America's fastest land animal, capable of speeds up to 45 miles per hour (72 km/h), run free across the upland sagebrush at the east side.

[8] A study published in 2015 described the recovery of the landscape after cattle were removed, the return of vegetation including aspens, rushes, and willows, and the restoration of riparian areas.