Hartwig Naftali Carlebach (1889–1967), known as Naphtali, was a leading rabbi in Berlin, Germany; Baden, Austria; and Manhattan, New York.

Hartwig Naftali Carlebach was born in 1889, the eleventh of 12 children of Esther Adler (1853–1920), the daughter of the former rabbi of Lübeck, Alexander Sussmann Adler (1816–1869), and Lübeck's then rabbi Salomon (Shlomo) Carlebach (1845–1919).

He was the rabbi of the Passauerstrasse Synagogue of Berlin from 1917 to 1931.

From 1931 to 1938 Naphtali Carlebach was Chief Rabbi of Baden near Vienna, Austria.

[3] In 1950 Carlebach assumed the spiritual leadership of Congregation Kehilath Jacob, "The Carlebach Shul," located in the Upper West Side of Manhattan.