It is made from cumin, black pepper, turmeric and cardamom.

[2] The Adeni version is made of cumin, black pepper, cardamom and coriander.

[3] The mixture for coffee is made from aniseeds, fennel seeds, ginger and cardamom.

Although it is primarily used in brewing coffee, it is also used in desserts, cakes and slow-cooked meat dishes.

[3] In Israel, hawaij is used extensively by Yemenite Jews and its use has spread more widely into Israeli cuisine as a result.