[3] HSS, which was originally referred to as systems-based practice, emerged in response to the growing recognition that effective health care delivery requires more than just clinical expertise.
[6][7][8][9] The Association of American Medical Colleges' Core Entrustable Professional Activities for Entering Residency (CEPAERs) started including identifying system failures and making contributions to a culture of safety and improvement in 1999.
[10] That year, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education also included systems-based practice as one of its six core competency domains.
In 2023, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a series of workshops focused on integrating HSS across the learning curriculum.
[28] Susan Skochelak, MD, MPH, creator of the Accelerating Change in Medical Education initiative[29] and lead editor of the first and second editions of the Health Systems Science textbook.
Schools involved in the AMA Accelerating Change in Medical Education initiative[16] that helped create the HSS framework: