Healthcare reform in China
Diet is causing obesity issues, and an influx of modern transportation is negatively affecting urban environments and thus health.
Five years later, their values were reduced to 5 and 5.7 per 1000 infants, but without taking into account the mortality due to withdrawing treatment for critically ill children in respect of which there existed no relevant legislative provisions in China.
Specific actions include: enhancing health education in schools, promoting healthy lifestyle, encouraging exercise, enhancing universal healthcare access, improve service quality of healthcare providers, special attention to the elderly, women, children and disabled, reforms in health insurance, pharmaceutical and medical instruments systems, etc.
The RCMS functioned on a pre-payment plan that consisted of individual income contribution, a village collective welfare Fund, and subsidies from higher government.
Township health centers were the second tier of the RCMS, consisting of small, outpatient clinics that primarily hired medical professionals that were subsidized by the Chinese government.
Due to Mao Zedong's support, the RCMS saw its rapidest expansion during Cultural Revolution, reaching a peak of covering 85% of the total population in 1976.
However, as a result of agricultural sector reform and end of People's Commune in the 1980s, the RCMS lost its economic and organizational basis.
[12][13] In China, public hospitals are considered the most important health facilities, providing both outpatient and inpatient care.
[21] Case survey found that reforms in compensation systems increased service quantity and quality, but caused drastic drop in management efficiency.
Reforms on grass-root facilities focus on their cooperation and responsibility distribution between hospitals, motivate and compensate grass-level health personnel.
[1]: 285 Nonetheless, as of at least 2022, state-owned hospitals continue to be the primary health care providers and service 90% of patients in China.
Mckinsey survey in 2013 found that over 2 thirds top executives from multinational drug companies expected EDS would have negative effect on their business.
[33] The project aimed to encourage local officials to test innovative strategies for strengthening their health service to improve access to competent care and reduce the impact of major illness.
[34] Both the supply (medical facilities, pharmaceutical companies, professionals) and demand (patients, rural citizens) side of medicine were targeted.
[34] In particular, the project supported county implementers to translate national health policy into strategies and actions meaningful at a local level.
[36] Certain incentives, such as adjusting prices of medical equipment and medicine, have helped improve health care to an extent.
It suggests that analysts from other countries and officials in organizations supporting international health need to understand that approach if they are to strengthen mutual learning with their Chinese counterparts.
[38] Despite efforts by the NRCMS to combat this inequality, it is still difficult to provide universal healthcare to rural areas.
First, a system that keeps basic wages low, but allows doctors to make money from prescriptions and investigations, leads to perverse incentives and inefficiency at all levels.
[10] Second, as in many other countries, to develop systems of health insurance and community financing which will allow coverage for most people is a huge challenge when the population is aging and treatments are becoming more sophisticated and expensive.
This is true especially in China, with the demographic transition model encouraging a larger aging population with the one-child policy.
[38] Several different models have been developed across the country to attempt to address the problems, such as more recent, local, community-based programs.
