Heated clothing

Heated torso coverings like vests, jackets, or leggings are available from specialty retailers that cater to motorcyclists and downhill skiers.

Heated seating pads for hunting, canoeing, and stadium use either have rechargeable batteries or use reheatable gel packs.

In a joint project of adidas, British Cycling and Loughborough University's Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, the use of heated clothing for reducing the muscle temperature drop in athletes between their warm-up period and the actual race was investigated, and the 'adidas hot pants' were used by the track cycling team at the London Olympics with great success.

[2] The science behind this has been published in a series of papers by Faulkner et al.,[3][4] Wilkins and Havenith,[5] and Raccuglia et al.[6] Heated clothing has tiny wires sewn into a layer of the fabric.

These tiny wires are typically made of carbon fiber or a metal composite, like nickel-chromium, that performs well under repeated heating and cooling cycles.

Heated clothing designed for use on vehicles such as motorbikes or snowmobiling typically use a 12-volt electric current, the standard voltage on motorsport and powersport batteries.

One traditional hand warmer is a small metal box containing charcoal which, when lit, burns very slowly and produces a mild heat.

Disposable heat packs typically contain cellulose, iron, water, activated carbon, vermiculite, and salt.

When these packs are exposed to air, an exothermic chemical reaction occurs, which provides several hours of heat.