Beginning in the 19th century, some groups had attempted to create congregations and societies of Jews who had converted to Christianity.
The London Society for promoting Christianity amongst the Jews (currently named "Church's Ministry Among Jewish People") was formed in 1809.
[3] The first identifiable congregation made up exclusively of Jews who had converted to Christianity was established in the United Kingdom as early as 1860.
"In 1866 the Hebrew Christian Alliance of Great Britain was organised with branches in several European countries and the United States.
These organisations had the combined effect of encouraging Jewish believers in Jesus to think of themselves as a community with a unique identity."