After a short period working in a bank in Offenbach, he moved to Heidelberg, originally to study politics.
However, a chance meeting with Martha Warburg changed his mind: she recognised his musical gift and became his patroness.
His friends and contemporaries at this time included the painter Emil Nolde and also Franz Marc, whose wife was among his piano students.
Later he received a professorship at the Prussian Academy of Arts in Berlin, where he became director of a master class in composition (thus treading in the footsteps of Hans Pfitzner).
A check of his ancestry - he had been categorised in 1938 as a "half-Jew", and in 1941 declared a "quarter-Jew" - led to an ongoing ban on the performance of his works.