Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri (Bengali: হেম চন্দ্র রায়চৌধুরী; 8 April 1892 – 4 May 1957[1]) was an Indian historian, known for his studies on ancient India.
He was the son of Manoranjan Raychaudhuri, the Zamindar of Ponabalia in the present-day Jhalokati District in Bangladesh, and his wife Tarangini Devi.
Soon after he joined the Bengal Education Service and was posted at Presidency College, Calcutta from (1914–16).
Around this time Sir Ashutosh Mookerjee offered him a Lecturership at the Department of Ancient History and Culture, University of Calcutta in 1917.
In 1936 he succeeded D. R. Bhandarkar as the Carmichael Professor of Ancient Indian History and Culture at Calcutta University from where he retired in 1952.