Hendrik Schalk Theron (12 February 1869 – 28 June 1922) was a South African mining engineer, farmer, politician and Member of Parliament.

In May 1900, like a number of fellow Free Staters, he laid down his arms and in November 1901 the British military authorities deported him to a POW camp in India, where he remained until January 1903.

When self-government was granted to the Free State in 1907, he represented Hoopstad in the Legislative Assembly.

In 1910 he was elected member of the House of Assembly and because of his interest in agriculture, was appointed Minister of Lands and Irrigation in General Louis Botha's cabinet of 1913.

[2] Theron married Isabella Elizabeth Pistorius and three children were born of the marriage.