Henri de Montmorency, 4th Duke of Montmorency

Joining the forces of Gaston, Duke of Orleans (the king's brother), Henri raised an army and was severely wounded at Battle of Castelnaudary.

[6] In 1625, Henri defeated the French Protestant fleet under Soubise and seized the islands of Ré and Oleron, but the jealousy of Cardinal Richelieu deprived him of the means of following up these advantages.

[6][7] At the height of his fame and influence, he was solicited to join the opponents of Cardinal Richelieu, Louis XIII's chief minister.

Disliking Richelieu's attempts to rein in the influence of his class, in 1632, using his position as governor of Languedoc, he raised levies of troops and money, joined the party of Gaston, Duke of Orleans (the king's brother) and took command of an army of six or seven thousand.

He cut his way through six ranks of infantry amidst a continuing shower of shot and fought against overwhelming numbers, until his horse dropped dead.

Henri was therefore beheaded in Toulouse's town hall 30 October 1632, by a guillotine-like device (according to the memoirs of Jacques, vicomte de Puysegur).