Henri Lebègue (27 February 1856 – 19 October 1938) was a French palaeographer, director of studies at the École pratique des hautes études.
An officer of Public Instruction, attached to the library of the University of Paris (Sorbonne) from November 1882 to October 1888, Henri Lebègue wa admitted to the École pratique des hautes études in November 1891 as head of palaeographic studies.
A researcher, Lebègue was also a translator and published texts by Greek authors related to the geography and history of Gaules.
He listed and partly translated the Greek alchemical manuscripts kept in Paris (the Parisini).
His latest work was a new translation of the Treaty On the Sublime by Longinus, which was published after his death in 1939.