He was born in the family of a mathematical scientist Ambrose Kalistratovich Rukhadze.

In 1948, he entered the Faculty of Physics and Technology of Moscow State University.

Due to the abolition of the Faculty of Physics and Technology in 1951, he was transferred to the National Research Nuclear University Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, from which he graduated with honors in 1954.

From 1954 to 1957, he was a post-graduate student at Lebedev Physical Institute (scientific supervisor I. E. Tamm).

In 1958, he became a candidate of physical and mathematical sciences, in 1964 he defended his doctoral dissertation.