Henry Rupert James Charlwood (19 December 1846 – 6 June 1888) was a professional cricketer who played for England in the first two Test matches against Australia in 1877.

Harry Charlwood was a top-order batsman and occasional lob bowler who was one of Sussex's leading players in a lean period for the club.

[5] When the English team toured New Zealand just before the First Test, Charlwood won a greenstone pendant, crafted by a local jeweller, for making the highest score in the match against Wellington.

[7] He had also top-scored in the previous match, against Auckland, making 65 in a "most brilliant display of scientific cricket" when no one else exceeded 44.

His first-class career faded after he married and went to live in Derbyshire and then Scarborough, where he was the landlord of the Bell Hotel.