Henry Hemphill (1830–1914) was an American malacologist, a biologist who studies mollusks.

His collection of land, freshwater, and marine mollusks became holdings of the California Academy of Sciences and Stanford University.

He worked as a bricklayer in San Diego 1865, after making gold prospecting trips in the western states.

He died in 1914 on July 24 as a result of contact with arsenic.

He often used vague terms to describe the locality of specimens.