Born on 30 June 1771, he was the oldest son of Robert Liston, minister of Aberdour, Fife.
It had a tuning with 58 pitches in the space of an octave for performing music in just intonation and was championed by John Farey Sr., who also directed attention to instruments developed for similar purposes by David Loeschman and William Hawkes.
The second instrument was built by Flight and Robson in London, and used moveable shaders close to the mouth of the pipes in order to lower their pitch temporarily by one or two commas which reduced its cost and size, and with an improved bellows the system was the subject of a patent granted to Liston and Charles Broughton on 3 July 1810.
Liston also patented an improved plough on 23 September 1813, claiming a special shape and an inclined wheel, which was locally used.
He wrote the article "Music" for the Edinburgh Encyclopedia, and edited 'Horatii Flacei Opera Selecta' (1819) and the sixth book of Caesar for use in schools.