Hereford's local water supply contains an unusually high level of naturally occurring fluoride.

Because fluoride is used to protect against tooth decay, Hereford earned the title "The Town Without a Toothache".

[6] Hereford was founded as "Blue Water" in 1899 after the Pecos and Northern Texas Railway connected Amarillo to Farwell.

[citation needed] In 1975, popular high school teacher Wayne Woodward was fired for his efforts to establish a local branch of the American Civil Liberties Union.

Mr. Woodward won a subsequent legal suit, that gained national attention, against the Hereford Independent School District.

The restored historic structure can now be seen at the National Ranching Heritage Center at Texas Tech University in Lubbock.

The Deaf Smith County Historical Museum at 400 Sampson Street in Hereford offers indoor and outdoor exhibits on the settlement of West Texas.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.9 square miles (15.4 km2), all land.

[13] Hereford was named as the "coolest" city in Texas with an average summer temperature of 73 °F or 22.8 °C.

In December 2015, the Seattle Post-Intelligencer voted Hereford not only the "most conservative" city in Texas, but also in the United States, in terms of political contributions.