Catholic Apostolic Church of Antioch

[1] After exploring several theological and mystical practices, Herman Adrian Spruit established the Catholic Apostolic Church of Antioch in 1958.

[4] Renting a former Catholic Church chapel on Sundays, Spruit's jurisdiction has been described as theologically liberal through the ordination of women and LGBT persons to the presbyterate and episcopate.

[2] She was then succeeded by Richard Alston Gundrey in 2005 who ordained numerous independent sacramental bishops for several jurisdictions other than the Catholic Apostolic Church of Antioch.

[citation needed] Mark Newman was elected as the fourth Presiding Bishop in 2009.

[6] At an unknown time, the Catholic Church hierarchy condemned lay participation in this jurisdiction's sacramental activities.