Dr. Hermann Louis Brill (9 February 1895 – 22 June 1959) was a German resistance fighter, doctor of law and politician (SPD).

His political career began in 1918, when he entered the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany; less than two years later, he became a member of the Thuringian parliament (Landtag) for the first time, where he stayed until 1933.

In 1948 Brill helped draft a constitution (Grundgesetz) for the new German republic, and from 1949 to 1953, he was a member of the first Bundestag, the parliament of the newly founded Germany, where he represented Frankfurt am Main I.

In his last year as a member of parliament, he put through the first Bundesentschädigungsgesetz (compensation law) for those who had been subjected to prosecution based on political views, race or religion.

He was responsible for the introduction of political science as a field of study in Germany and wrote several articles pertaining to issues such as German reunification.