Naphtali Herz Homberg (Yiddish: נפתלי הערץ האָמבערג; September 1749 – 24 August 1841) was a Bohemian maskil, educator, and writer.

Under Emperor Joseph II the status of the Jews in Austria underwent a complete change.

In 1793 he was called by Emperor Francis II to Vienna to formulate laws regulating the moral and political status of the Jews in Austria.

When the normal schools of Galicia were placed under the general direction of the district schools, Homberg retired to Vienna, employing his time partly as censor and partly in compiling such readers for Jews as had been ordered by the royal commission for studies.

Homberg was later appointed assistant professor of religious and moral philosophy at Prague, with the title of "Schulrath," retaining this position until his death.