[1] It is located near the border with Lithuania and is known for the 16th-century Hieraniony Castle built by Albertas Goštautas.

[2] In 1433, the settlement was granted by Lithuanian Duke Sigismund Kęstutaitis to Jonas Goštautas.

[3] Afterwards it was a royal town, administratively located in the Oszmiana County in the Vilnius Voivodeship of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

[5] Gieranony, as it was known in Polish, was administratively located in the Wołożyn County in the Nowogródek Voivodeship of interwar Poland.

[6] Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the town was first occupied by the Soviet Union until 1941, then by Nazi Germany until 1944, and re-occupied by the Soviet Union afterwards.