Hierarchical state routing (HSR), proposed in Scalable Routing Strategies for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks by Iwata et al. (1999), is a typical example of a hierarchical routing protocol.
HSR maintains a hierarchical topology, where elected clusterheads at the lowest level become members of the next higher level.
On the higher level, superclusters are formed, and so on.
The packet then travels down to the destination node.
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