Unlike the Assembly of Extremadura (legislative branch) or the Government of Extremadura (executive branch), the TSJEx is not a part of the Junta de Extremadura, the autonomous system of self-government of the community, although the Extremaduran government has some powers over it, especially in material resources.

[2] The TSJEx regulates the functions of the judges and looks over the different provincial courts.

[2] The TSJEx was created on 23 May 1989 with the Organic Law of Judicial Authority (Spanish: Ley Orgánica del Poder Judicial).

By the Pragmatic Sanction of 30 May 1790, the Royal Audience of Extremadura was created in the city of Cáceres, for whose headquarters the Hospital de la Piedad built in the 17th century was reformed.

Candidates need to obtain a three-fifths (13) supermajority of the 21 votes of the General Council of Judicial Authority (Spanish: Consejo General del Poder Judicial).